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3D anatomy tutorial on the intrinsic muscles of the foot using the Zygote Body Browser (http://www.zygotebody.com). This is the first of two parts on the intrinsic muscles of the foot. The second part is on the plantar group of muscles.
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The foot can be divided into the forefoot, the midfoot, and the hindfoot. The forefoot bears half your body’s weight and is composed of the phalanges – your 5 toes – and the metatarsals, which are the longer bones they attach to. The phalanges can be further grouped into three categories: the distal phalanges, which are the most distant from the center of your body, the middle phalanges, and the proximal phalanges. Note that your big toe does not have a middle phalanx bone. The big toe is also called the hallux. With only the distal and proximal phalanx bones, the big toe only has one joint, called the interphalangeal joint. Since the big toe attaches to the first metatarsal, the joint between the first metatarsal and the big toe is called the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Under the distal portion of the first metatarsal are the sesamoid bones – two small, round bones basically where the ball of the foot is. Onto the midfoot! The midfoot consists of 5 irregularly shaped tarsal bones. These include the three cuneiforms – the medial cuneiform bone, the intermediate cuneiform bone, the lateral cuneiform bone – as well as the cuboid bone and the navicular bone. The bones of the midfoot form the arch of the foot and act as shock absorbers. These bones connect to the bones of the forefoot and hindfoot via muscles and a ligament called the plantar fascia. The hindfoot includes the talus – or ankle – and the calcaneous. The calcaneous is the heel bone – the largest bone in your foot. The calcaneous has a cushy layer of fat underneath it to soften the impact of your footsteps. The calcaneous bone connects to the talus at the subtalar joint, also called the talocalcaneal joint. The top of the talus connects to the tibia and the fibula – the two long bones of the lower leg. Collectively, the bones of the mid and hindfoot – the talus, calcaneous, three cuneiforms, cuboid and navicular – are called the tarsals. Overall, the foot and ankle are composed of 26 bones – 14 phalanges, 5 metatarsals, and 7 tarsals. Between your two feet, that’s a quarter of the bones in your body! These bones are connected by 33 joints, and are moved by more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Tendons connect muscles to bones and ligaments connect bones to other bones. We’ll cover more foot anatomy in another video!
3D foot/leg models from:
https://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/1176968
https://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/646995
